Hematology

A hematological examination refers to a specialist medical consultation following abnormal blood test results or in the presence of signs and symptoms that could indicate a hematological condition.

A hematologist is a medical specialist focused on the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of diseases of the blood and hematopoietic organs.

The hematological examination aims to investigate the causes and origins of blood chemistry and/or clinical abnormalities, subsequently proposing a therapeutic pathway tailored to treating the diagnosed condition.

To ensure a thorough hematological assessment, the patient must bring their complete medical history records, even if dating back a long time. Of particular importance are all previous blood tests, specialist medical consultations, and any discharge summaries (following day hospital admissions, inpatient stays, emergency room visits, etc.).

The hematological examination begins with a comprehensive medical history (anamnesis), evaluating the personal and family medical history of the patient, with a focus on the symptoms related to the reason for the consultation. A physical examination is then performed to identify clinical signs associated with the disorder. The diagnostic pathway is completed with advanced blood tests and/or diagnostic imaging: this ensures optimal characterization of the condition for both current diagnosis and long-term monitoring. In certain cases, the hematologist may extend investigations to close family members.

A hematological consultation is indicated when:

• experiencing frequent fatigue, weakness, and shortness of breath; these may be typical symptoms of anemia, a reduction in red blood cells and hemoglobin;
• experiencing frequent fever and recurrent infections, which may be symptoms related to leukopenia (a reduction in white blood cells) or an immune system deficiency;
• experiencing abnormal bleeding and bruising, symptoms that may indicate a reduction in platelets or blood coagulation factors.